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1 γάρ
γάρ particle, always in second or third position.1 not joined with other particles.a gives reason for what precedes.ἔστι δ' ἀνδρὶ φάμεν ἐοικὸς ἀμφὶ δαιμόνων καλά. μείων γὰρ αἰτία O. 1.35
λάθα δὲ πότμῳ σὺν εὐδαίμονι γένοιτ' ἄν. ἐσλῶν γὰρ ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει O. 2.19
(If a man had the qualities I describe, he would be celebrated.) ἴστω γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ δαιμόνιον πόδ' ἔχων Σωστράτου υἱός (but cf. h infra) O. 6.8ὄτρυνον νῦν ἑταίρους, Αἰνέα,. ἐσσὶ γὰρ ἄγγελος ὀρθός O. 6.90
ἀσκεῖται Θέμις ἔξοχ' ἀνθρώπων (sc. in Aigina). ὅτι γὰρ πολὺ καὶ πολλᾷ ῥέπῃ, ὀρθᾷ διακρῖναι φρενὶ δυσπαλές because Aigina is a great commercial state — and is bound to reverence the rule of righteous dealing, Sandys O. 8.23πάγον Κρόνου προσεφθέγξατο· πρόσθε γὰρ νώνυμνος O. 10.50
Ἱμέραν εὐρυσθενἔ ἀμφιπόλει, σώτειρα Τύχα. τὶν γὰρ ἐν πόντῳ κυβερνῶνται θοαὶ νᾶες (cf. f infra) O. 12.3 ναυσιφορήτοις δ' ἀνδράσι πρώτα χάρις πομπαῖον ἐλθεῖν οὖρον· ἐοικότα γὰρ καὶτελευτᾷ φερτέρου νόστου τυχεῖν P. 1.34
ἐμὲ δὲ χρεὼν φεύγειν δάκος ἀδινὸν κακαγοριᾶν. εἶδον γὰρ Ἀρχίλοχον P. 2.54
“ἱκόμαν οἴκαδ'. πεύθομαι γάρ νιν Πελίαν ἁμετέρων ἀποσυλᾶσαι βιαίως ἀρχεδικᾶν τοκέων” P. 4.109 ἔλπετο δ' οὐκέτι οἱ κεῖνον γε πράξασθαι πόνον. κεῖτο γὰρ ( δέρμα sc.)λόχμᾳ P. 4.244
μακρά μοι νεῖσθαι κατ' ἀμαξιτόν· ὥρα γὰρ συνάπτει P. 4.247
θεόθεν ἐραίμαν καλῶν, δυνατὰ μαιόμενος ἐν ἁλικίᾳ. τῶν γὰρ ἀνὰ πόλιν εὑρίσκων τὰ μέσα μεκροτέρῳ ὄλβῳ τεθαλότα, μέμφομ' αἶσαν τυραννίδων P. 11.52
ἵκετ' ὀξείαις ἀνίαισι τυπείς· τὸ γὰρ οἰκεῖον πιέζει πάνθ ὁμῶς N. 1.53
ἔστα δὲ θάμβει δυσφόρῳ τερπνῷ τε μιχθείς. εἶδε γὰρ N. 1.56
ἵκεο Δωρίδα νᾶσον Αἴγιναν· ὕδατι γὰρ μένοντ' ἐπ Ἀσωπίῳ μελιγαρύων τέκτονες κώμων νεανίαι N. 3.3
ἀπότρεπε αὖτις Εὐρώπαν ποτὶ χέρσον ἔντεα ναός· ἄπορα γὰρ λόγον Αἰκακοῦ παίδων τὸν ἅπαντά μοι διελθεῖν N. 4.71
εὔθυν' ἐπὶ τοῦτον, ἄγε, Μοῖσα, οὖρον ἐπέων εὐκλέα· παροιχομένων γὰρ ἀνέρων N. 6.29
ἀμπνέων τε πρίν τι φάμεν. πολλὰ γὰρ πολλᾷ λέλεκται, νεαρὰ δ' ἐξευρόντα δόμεν βασάνῳ ἐς ἔλεγχον ἅπας κίνδυνος N. 8.20
ἀλλ' ἐπέων γλυκὺν ὕμνον πράσσετε. τὸ κρατήσιππον γὰρ ἐς ἅρμ ἀναβαίνων αὐδὰν μανύει N. 9.4
ἔργα τε πολλὰ μενοινῶντες· δέδεται γὰρ ἀναιδεῖ ἐλπίδι γυῖα N. 11.45
οἱ μὲν πάλαι ῥίμφα παιδείους ἐτόξευον μελιγάρυας ὕμνους · ἁ Μοῖσα γὰρ οὐ φιλοκερδής τω τότ' ἦν I. 2.6
ἔστι μοι θεῶν ἕκατι μυρία παντᾷ κέλευθος· ὦ Μέλισσ, εὐμαχανίαν γὰρ ἔφανας I. 4.2
δαπάνᾳ χαῖρον ἵππων. τῶν ἀπειράτων γὰρ ἄγνωτοι σιωπαί I. 4.30
προφρόνων Μοισᾶν τύχομεν, κεῖνον ἅψαι πυρσὸν ὕμνων καὶ Μελίσσῳ. τόλμα γὰρ εἰκὼς θυμὸν ἐριβρεμετᾶν θηρῶν λεόντων ἐν πόνῳ I. 4.45
ἐμοὶ δὲ μακρὸν πάσας ἀναγήσασθ' ἀρετάς· Φυλακίδᾳ γὰρ ἧλθον, ὦ Μοῖσα, ταμίας Πυθέᾳ τε κώμων I. 6.57
κώμαζ' ἔπειτεν Στρεψιάδᾳ· φέρει γὰρ Ἰσθμοῖ νίκαν παγκρατίου I. 7.21
ἄλοχονεὐειδέα θέλων ἑκάτερος ἑὰν ἔμμεν. ἔρως γὰρ ἔχεν I. 8.29
τὸν αἰνεῖν ἀγαθῷ παρέχει· ἥβαν γὰρ οὐκ ἄπειρον ὑπὸ χειᾷ καλῶν δάμασεν I. 8.70
ἐν ζαθέῳ με δέξαι χρόνῳ. ὕδατι γὰρ ἐπὶ χαλκοπύλῳ ἦλθον ἔταις ἀμαχανίαν ἀλέξων Pae. 6.7
ἀγῶνα Λοξίᾳ καταβάντ' εὐρὺν ἐν θεῶν ξενίᾳ. θύεται γὰρ ἀγλαᾶς ὑπὲρ Πανελλάδος Pae. 6.62
πιστὰ δ Ἀγασικλέει μάρτυς ἤλυθον ἐς χορὸν ἐσλοῖς τε γονεῦσιν ἀμφὶ προξενίαισι. τίμαθεν γὰρ (Wil.: τιμαθέντας Π.) Παρθ. 2.. ἀσκὸς δ' οὔτε τις ἀμφορεὺς ἐλίνυεν δόμοις. πέλλαι γὰρ ξύλιναι πίθοι τε πλῆσθεν *fr. 104b. 5.* πρέπει δ' ἐσλοῖσιν ὑμνεῖσθαι. τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθανάτοις τιμαῖς ποτιψαύει fr. 121. 3.b gives an explanation of what precedes. αἴτει πανδόκῳ ἄλσει σκιαρόν τε φύτευμα. ἤδη γὰρ αὐτῷ ἀντέφλεξε Μήνα i. e. for by now all else was ready O. 3.19νίσεται σὺν παισὶ Λήδας. τοῖς γὰρ ἐπέτρεπεν ἀγῶνα νέμειν O. 3.36
ζεῦξον ἤδη μοι σθένος ἡμιόνων. κεῖναι γὰρ ἐξ ἀλλᾶν ὁδὸν ἁγεμονεῦσαι ταύταν ἐπίστανται O. 6.25
ἅπαντας ἐν οἴκῳ εἴρετο παῖδα τὸν Εὐάδνα τέκοι· Φοίβου γὰρ αὐτὸν φᾶ γεγάκειν πατρός O. 6.49
ἄγνωμον δὲ τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν. κουφότεραι γὰρ ἀπειράτων φρένες O. 8.61
χαρίτων νέμομαι κᾶπον· κεῖναι γὰρ ὤπασαν τὰ τέρπν O. 9.28
ἄνευ δὲ θεοῦ, σεσιγαμένον οὐ σκαιότερον χρῆμ' ἕκαστον. ἐντὶ γὰρ ἄλλαι ὁδῶν ὁδοὶ περαίτεραι i. e. since we are gifted in different directions O. 9.104τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον. ἐν τᾷ γὰρ Εὐνομία ναίει O. 13.6
ἀνάγνωτέ μοι Ἀρχεστράτου παῖδα. γλυκὺ γὰρ αὐτῷ μέλος ὀφείλων ἐπιλέλαθ O. 10.3
ἐρύκετον ψευδέων ἐνιπὰν ἀλιτόξενον. ἕκαθεν γὰρ ἐπελθὼν ὁ μέλλων χρόνος ἐμὸν καταίσχυνε βαθὺ χρέος O. 10.7
May my poetry be effective.Μοίσαις γὰρ ἀγλαοθρόνοις ἑκὼν Ὀλιγαιθίδαισίν τ' ἔβαν ἐπίκουρος O. 13.96
τόνδε κῶμον ἐπ' εὐμενεῖ τύχᾳ κοῦφα βιβῶντα. Λυδῷ γὰρ Ἀσώπιχον ἐν τρόπῳ ἐν μελέταις τ ἀείδων ἔμολον O. 14.17
καιρὸν εἰ φθέγ-ξαιο, μείων ἕπεται μῶμος ἀνθρώπων. ἀπὸ γὰρ κόρος ἀμβλύνει αἰανὴς ταχείας ἐλπίδας P. 1.82
With the help of Artemis he mastered his horses.ἐπὶ γὰρ ἰοχέαιρα παρθένος χερὶ διδύμᾳ τίθησι κόσμον P. 2.9
νεφέλᾳ παρελέξατο ψεῦδος γλυκὺ μεθέπων. εἶδος γὰρ ὑπεροχωτάτᾳ πρέπεν Οὐρανιᾶν θυγατέρι Κρόνου P. 2.38
“αἷμά οἱ κείναν λάβε σὺν Δαναοῖς εὐρεῖαν ἄπειρον· τότε γὰρ μεγάλας ἐξανίστανται Λακεδαίμονος” P. 4.48Μοίσαισι δώσω καὶ τὸ πάγχρυσον νάκος κριοῦ· μετὰ γὰρ κεῖνο πλευσάντων Μινυᾶν θεόπομποί σφισιν τιμαὶ φύτευθεν P. 4.68
“οὐ πρέπει νῷν χαλκοτόροις ξίφεσιν οὐδ' ἀκόντεσσιν μεγάλαν προγόνων τιμὰν δάσασθαι. μῆλά τε γάρ τοι ἐγὼ καὶ βοῶν ξανθὰς ἀγέλας ἀφίημ” P. 4.148 κινηθμὸν ἀμαιμάκετον ἐκφυγεῖν πετρᾶν. δίδυμαι γὰρ ἔσαν” P. 4.209ἀκηράτοις ἁνίαις. κατέκλασε γὰρ ἐντέων σθένος οὐδέν P. 5.34
ἔχεις καὶ πεδὰ μέγαν κάματον λόγων φερτάτων μναμήἰ· ἐν τεσσαράκοντα γὰρ πετόντεσσιν ἁνιόχοις ὅλον δίφρον κομίξαις P. 5.49
Ἡσυχία, τιμὰν Ἀριστομένει δέκευ. τὺ γὰρ τὸ μαλθακὸν ἔρξαι τε καὶ παθεῖν ὁμῶς ἐπίστασαι P. 8.6
“τὸ δὲ οἴκοθεν ἀντία πράξει. μόνος γὰρ ἐκ Δαναῶν στρατοῦ θανόντος ὀστέα λέξαις υἱοῦ” P. 8.52 θεῶν δ' ὄπιν ἄφθονον αἰτέω, λτ;γτ;έναρκες, ὑμετέραις τύχαις. εἰ γάρ τις ἐσλὰ πέπαται μὴ σὺν μακρῷ πόνῳ, πολλοῖς σοφὸς δοκεῖ but ultimately it is god who is responsible for good fortune P. 8.73Ἱπποκλέᾳ θέλοντες ἀγαγεῖν ἐπικωμίαν ἀνδρῶν κλυτὰν ὄπα· γεύεται γὰρ ἀέθλων P. 10.7
κώπαν σχάσον. ἐγκωμίων γὰρ ἄωτος ὕμνων ἐπ' ἄλλοτ ἄλλον ὥτε μέλισσα θύνει λόγον P. 10.53
χρὴ δ' ἐν εὐθείαις ὁδοῖς στείχοντα μάρνασθαι φυᾷ. πράσσει γὰρ ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος, βουλαῖσι δὲ φρήν N. 1.26
I had rather be generous to my friends than miserly. κοιναὶ γὰρ ἔρχοντ' ἐλπίδες πολυπόνων ἀνδρῶν (but cf. Σ: ἐλπίδος ποτὲ διαπεσὼν τῆς ἴσης τύχοι ἂν ἀμοιβῆς) N. 1.32κτείνοντ' ἐλάφους ἄνευ κυνῶν δολίων θ ἑρκέων. ποσσὶ γὰρ κράτεσκε N. 3.52
τὸ δ' ἐναντίον ἔσκεν· πολλὰ γάρ μιν παντὶ θυμῷ παρφαμένα λιτάνευεν N. 5.31
ἴχνεσιν ἐν Πραξιδάμαντος ἑὸν πόδα νέμων πατροπάτορος ὁμαιμίοις. κεῖνος γὰρ Ὀλυμπιόνικος ἐὼν N. 6.17
εὔδοξος ἀείδεται Σωγένης. πόλιν γὰρ φιλόμολπον οἰκεῖ N. 7.9
εἰ δὲ τύχῃ τις ἔρδων, μελίφρον' αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε· ταὶ μεγάλαι γὰρ ἀλκαὶ σκότον πολὺν ὕμνων ἔχοντι δεόμεναι N. 7.12
βασιλῆα δὲ θεῶν πρέπει δάπεδον ἂν τόδε γαρυέμεν ἡμέρᾳ ὀπί. λέγοντι γὰρ Αἰακόν μιν φυτεῦσαι N. 7.84
λευκανθέα σώμασι πίαναν καπνόν· ἑπτὰ γὰρ δαίσαντο πυραὶ νεογυίους φῶτας N. 9.24
ἴστω λαχὼν ὄλβον. εἰ γὰρ ἅμα κτεάνοις πολλοῖς ἐπίδοξον ἄρηται κῦδος, οὐκ ἔστι πρόσωθεν N. 9.46
ἀξιωθείην κεν Ἄργει μὴ κρύπτειν φάος ὀμμάτων. νικαφορίαις γὰρ ὅσαιςἱπποτρόφον ἄστυ τὸ Προίτοιο θάλησεν† N. 10.41ἴδεν Λυγκεὺς δρυὸς ἐν στελέχει ἡμένους. κείνου γὰρ ἐπιχθονίων πάντων γένετ' ὀξύτατον ὄμμα N. 10.62
οὐκ ἀγνῶτες ὑμῖν ἐντὶ δόμοι οὔτε κώμων. οὐ γὰρ πάγος οὐδὲ προσάντης ἁ κέλευθος γίνεται, εἴ τις εὐδόξων ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἄγοι τιμὰς Ἑλικωνιάδων I. 2.33
ἐκ λεχέων ἀνάγει φάμαν παλαιὰν εὐκλέων ἔργων. ἐν ὕπνῳ γὰρ πέσεν I. 4.23
ἔστιν δ' ἀφάνεια τύχας καὶ μαρναμένων. τῶν τε γὰρ καὶ τῶν διδοῖ I. 4.33
Homer has perpetuated the fame of Aias.τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθάνατον φωνᾶεν ἕρπει, εἴ τις εὖ εἴτῃ τι I. 4.40
We sing the praise of the victorious sons of Lampon.εἰ γάρ τις ἀνθρώπων πράσσει θεοδμάτους ἀρετὰς, ἐσχατιαῖς ἤδη πρὸς ὄλβου βάλλετ' ἄγκυραν I. 6.10
τιμὰ δ' ἀγαθοῖσιν ἀντίκειται. ἴστω γὰρ σαφὲς ἀστῶν γενεᾷ μέγιστον κλέος αὔξων I. 7.27
τὸ δὲ πρὸ ποδὸς ἄρειον ἀεὶ βλέπειν χρῆμα πάν. δόλιος γὰρ αἰὼν ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κρέμαται I. 8.14
ἐπέων δὲ καρπὸς οὐ κατέφθινε· φαντὶ γὰρ ξύν' ἀλέγειν καὶ γάμον Θέτιος ἄνακτας I. 8.46
ἔλαθεν οὐδὲ τὸν εὐρυφαρέτραν ἑκαβόλον· ὤμοσε [γὰρ θ]εὸς (supp. Housman) Πα.. 112. ἐπεύχομαι εὐμαχανίαν διδόμεν. τυφλα[ὶ γὰρ] ἀνδρῶν φρένες, ὅστις ἄνευθ' Ἐλικωνιάδων ἐρευνᾷ σοφίας ὁδόν Πα. 7 B. 18. Δαμαίνας παῖ, ἁγέο. τὶν γὰρ εὔφρων ἕψεται πρώτα θυγάτηρ ὁδοῦ Παρθ. 2. 67. The soul survives the body. τὸ γάρ ἐστι μόνον ἐκ θεῶν fr. 131b. 2.c introduces narrative in elaboration of what precedes.—δέξαιτόνδε κῶμον. ψαύμιος γὰρ ἵκει ὀχέων, ὅς O. 4.10
ἔμαθε δὲ σαφές· εὐμενέσσι γὰρ παρὰ Κρονίδαις γλυκὺν ἑλὼν βίοτον, μακρὸν οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ὄλβον P. 2.25
ἔσχε τοι ταύταν μεγάλαν ἀυάταν καλλιπέπλου λῆμα Κορωνίδος. ἐλθόντος γὰρ εὐνάσθη ξένου P. 3.25
“φαμὶ διδασκαλίαν Χίρωνος οἴσειν. ἀντρόθε γὰρ νέομαι” P. 4.102 “δύνασαι δ' ἀφελεῖν μᾶνιν χθονίων. κέλεται γὰρ ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι Φρίξος” P. 4.159σπέρμ' ὑμετέρας ἀκτῖνος ὄλβου δέξατο μοιρίδιον ἆμαρ ἢ νύκτες· τόθι γὰρ γένος Εὐφάμου φυτευθὲν P. 4.256
ἐπέγνω μὲν Κυράνα δικαιᾶν Δαμοφίλου πραπίδων. κεῖνος γὰρ ἐν παισὶν νέος P. 4.281
ἔχοντι τὰν ( Κυράναν sc.)χαλκοχάρμαι ξένοι Τρῶες Ἀντανορίδαι. σὺν Ἑλένᾳ γὰρ μόλον P. 5.83
Ἀντίλοχος ἀναμείναις Μέμνονα. Νεστόρειον γὰρ ἵππος ἅρμ' ἐπέδα P. 6.32
ἴτω τεὸν χρέος, ὦ παῖ. παλαισμάτεσσι γὰρ ἰχνεύων ματραδελφεοὺς P. 8.35
ἄκουσεν Δαναόν ποτ' ἐν Ἄργει οἷον εὗρεν τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ παρθένοισι ὠκύτατον γάμον. ἔστασεν γὰρ P. 9.114
τυφλὸν δ' ἔχει ἦτορ ὅμιλος ἀνδρῶν ὁ πλεῖστος. εἰ γὰρ ἦν ἓ τὰν ἀλάθειαν ἰδέμεν, οὔ κεν ὅπλων χολωθεὶς ὁ καρτερὸς Αἴας ἔπαξε N. 7.24
πολλά νιν πολλοὶ λιτάνευον ἰδεῖν· ἀβοατὶ γὰρ ἡρώων ἄωτοι περιναιεταόντων ἤθελον N. 8.9
ἄμφαινε κυδαίνων πόλιν. φεῦγε γὰρ Ἀμφιαρῆ ποτὲ N. 9.13
φθιμένου Κάστορος ἐν πολέμῳ. τὸν γὰρ Ἴδας ἔτρωσεν N. 10.60
καὶ πάθον δεινὸν παλάμαις Ἀφαρητίδαι Διός· αὐτίκα γὰρἦλθε Λήδας παῖς N. 10.65
ἐθέλω ἢ Καστορείῳ ἢ Ἰολάοἰ ἐναρμόξαι μιν ὕμνῳ. κεῖνοι γὰρ ἡρώων διφρηλάται Λακεδαίμονι καὶ Θήβαις ἐτέκνωθεν κράτιστοι I. 1.17
ἤρχετο μόροιο κάρυξ. ἦν γάρ τι παλαίφατον[ fr. 140a. 69 (43) introducing argument, proof, example: It is easy for a poet to praise a man for his labours.μισθὸς γὰρ ἄλλοις ἄλλος ἐπ' ἔργμασιν ἀνθρώποις γλυκὺς. ὃς δ ἀμφ ἀέθλοις ἄρηται κῦδος ἁβρόν, εὐαγορηθεὶς κέρδος ὕψιστον δέκεται I. 1.47
You Graces are a source of pleasure to men.οὐδὲ γὰρ θεοὶ σεμνᾶν Χαρίτων ἄτερ κοιρανέοντι χοροὺς οὔτε δαῖτας O. 14.8
μέγιστον δ' αἰόλῳ ψεύδει γέρας ἀντέταται. κρυφίαισι γὰρ ἐν ψάφοις Ὀδυσσῆ Δαναοὶ θεράπευσαν N. 8.26
cf. N. 7.24d after a verb of announcing or simm.κοινὸν λόγον φίλαν τείσομεν ἐς χάριν. νέμει γὰρ Ἀτρέκεια πόλιν O. 10.13
Χάριτες, κλῦτ' ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι· σὺν γὰρ ὑμῖν O. 14.5
“κέκλυτε. φαμὶ γὰρ” P. 4.14 ἀπὸ δ' αὐτὸν ἐγὼ Μοίσαισι δώσω καὶ τὸ πάγχρυσον νάκος κριοῦ. τίς γὰρ ἀρχὰ δέξατο ναυτιλίας; P. 4.70γνῶθι νῦν τὰν Οἰδιπόδα σοφίαν. εἰ γὰρ P. 4.263
ἀκούσατ. ἦ γὰρ ἑλικώπιδος Ἀφροδίτας ἄρουραν ἤ Χαρίτων ἀναπολίζομεν P. 6.1
εἰρήσεταί που κἀν βραχίστοις. ἄραντο γὰρ νίκας ἀπὸ παγκρατίου I. 6.60
e introduces an explanation of particular words.Καδμεῖοί νιν οὐκ ἀέκοντες ἄνθεσι μείγνυον, Αἰγίνας ἕκατι. φίλοισι γὰρ φίλος ἐλθὼν ξένιον ἄστυ κατέδρακεν N. 4.22
ἄπιστον ἔειπ (= ἔειπα).αἰδὼς γὰρ ὑπὸ κρύφα κέρδει κλέπτεται, ἃ φέρει δόξαν N. 9.33
ἕκαλος ἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα. θνᾴσκομεν γὰρ ὁμῶς ἅπαντες. δαίμων δ' ἄισος I. 7.42
οὐ κό]ρῳ ἀλλ' ἀρετᾷ. [ γ]ὰρ ἁρπαζομένων τεθνάμεν [[βρεϝεμαξρ] χρη]μάτων ἢ κακὸν ἔμμεναι (supp. Lobel) fr. 169. 16.f introduces an explanation of something not directly expressed. στρατὸν ἀκρόσοφόν τε καὶ αἰχματὰν ἀφίξεσθαι· τὸ γὰρ ἐμφυὲς οὔτ' αἴθων ἀλώπηξ οὔτ ἐρίβρομοι λέοντες διαλλάξαιντο ἦθος i. e. they are unable to behave in another way for... O. 11.19 Χαρίτων μή με λίποι καθαρὸν φέγγος. Αἰγίνᾳ τε γάρ φαμι πόλιν τάνδ' εὐκλείξαι i. e. they did not leave me in the past for... P. 9.90 Zeus buried Amphiareus before Periklymenos struck him from behind. (He was in full flight.)ἐν γὰρ δαιμονίοισι φόβοις φεύγοντι καὶ παῖδες θεῶν N. 9.27
His parents' lackof ambition prevented Aristagoras competing in Ol. and Pyth. games. (I would have let him.)ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον κάλλιον ἂνδηριώντωνἐνόστησ' ἀντιπάλων N. 11.24
They won in different events. (but not in the pentathlon)οὐ γὰρ ἦν πενταέθλιον I. 1.26
χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντ' ἀμαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν. (Melissos had to use all means possible.)οὐ γὰρ φύσιν ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν I. 4.49
esp. after voc., Ζεῦ· τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι i. e. on you I call O. 4.1 cf. O. 12.3, O. 14.5Φοῖβε, ἐθελήσαις ταῦτα νόῳ τιθέμεν, ἐκ θεῶν γὰρ μαχαναὶ πᾶσαι P. 1.41
Ζεῦ, τεὸν γὰρ αἷμα, σέο δ' ἀγών N. 3.65
g introduces explanation in parenthesis.ἀλλ' ὅμως, κρέσσον γὰρ οἰκτιρμοῦ φθόνος, μὴ παρίει καλά P. 1.85
ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς πρὸς ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει P. 4.286
ἀλλὰ χαλκὸν μυρίον οὐ δυνατὸν ἐξελέγχειν, μακροτέρας γὰρ ἀριθμῆσαι σχολᾶς, ὅν τε N. 10.46
Ἀμύκλαθεν γὰρ ἔβα N. 11.34
h introduces the answer to a preceding question.τί μάλα τοῦτο κερδαλέον τελέθει; ἅτε γὰρ ἐννάλιον πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθὺ σκευᾶς ἑτέρας, ἀβάπτιστος εἶμι P. 2.79
cf. O. 6.8ἐπεὶ τίνα πάτραν, τίνα οἶκον ναίων ὀνυμάξεαι ἐπιφανέστερον Ἑλλάδι πυθέσθαι; πάσαισι γὰρ πολίεσι λόγος ὁμιλεῖ Ἑρεχθέος ἀστῶν P. 7.9
τί ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἔμμεν, ἃν ὀλίγον τοὶ ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει; οὐ γὰρ ἔσθ' ὅπως τὰ θεῶν βουλεύματ ἐρευνάσει fr. 61. 3.i introducing a question, progressive. τίς γὰρ ἱππείοις ἐν ἔντεσσιν μέτρα ἐπέθηκ; O. 13.20 cf. P. 4.70k fragg. ἐπικράνοισι γὰρ fr. 6b. d. ἀριστεύοντα γὰρ ἐν fr. 6b. e. ἦν γὰρ τὸ πάροιθε fr. 33d. 1.τῶν γὰρ ἀντομένων[ Pae. 2.42
]γὰρ ἐπῆν πόνος[ Pae. 8.88
]σοφίᾳ γὰρ Pae. 14.40
]α μὲν γὰρ εὔχομαι Pae. 16.3
]ἔσσεται γὰρ ἁδυ[ Pae. 21.13
ἀιὼν γὰρ Pae. 22.8
]γὰρ εὔχομαι. Δ. 1. 1. ]θαμὰ γὰρ οἰκόθεν[ Δ. 4h. 11. τὸ γὰρ πρὶν γενέ[σθαι Παρθ. 1. 2. ]ι γὰρ ὁ [Λοξ]ίας Παρθ. 2. 3. προβάτων γὰρ *fr. 104b. 1. νομάδεσσι γὰρ ἐν Σκύθαις fr. 105b. 1. πάντων γὰρ fr. 140a. 54 (28). ] γάρ σε fr. 140a. 60 (34). κεῖνοι γάρ τ' ἄνοσοι καὶ ἀγήραοι fr. 143. 1. ὁ γὰρ ἔπαινος *fr. 181* ]εν γὰρ, Ἄπολλον[ fr. 215. 8. νικώμενοι γὰρ (v. l. δέ) fr. 229. ] οντι γὰρ ανα[ ?fr. 333a. 15. ] εὔφρων γὰρ[ P. Oxy. 1792. fr. 41. οὐ γὰρ εικ[ P. Oxy. 2442. fr. 68.2 εἰ γάρ if only, introducing wish. — “εἰ γὰρ οἴκοι νιν βάλε, αἷμά οἱ κείναν λάβε ἄπειρον” P. 4.43 with apodosis suppressed.εἰ γὰρ ὁ πᾶς χρόνος ὄλβον μὲν οὕτω καὶ κτεάνων δόσιν εὐθύνοι P. 1.46
εἰ γάρ σφισιν ἐμπεδοσθενέα βίοτον ἁρμόσαις ἥβᾳ λιπαρῷ τε γήραι διαπλέκοις εὐδαίμον' ἐόντα N. 7.98
3 combined with other particles.a καὶ γάρ, καὶ γάρ.I for the fact is, emphasising the explanation.ταχέες ἔβαν· καὶ γὰρ ἑκὼν θυμῷ γελανεῖ θᾶσσον ἔντυνεν βασιλεὺς ἀνέμων P. 4.181
ἔλπομαι δ' τὸν Ἱπποκλέαν θαητὸν ἐν ἅλιξι θησέμεν ἐν καὶ παλαιτέροις, νέαισίν τε παρθένοισι μέλημα. καὶ γὰρ ἑτέροις ἑτέρων ἕρωτες ἔκνιξαν φρένας P. 10.59
καί τινα φᾶσέ νιν δώσειν μόρῳ· καὶ γὰρ βελέων ὑπὸ ῥιπαῖσι κείνου φαιδίμαν γαίᾳ πεφύρσεσθαι κόμαν ἔνεπεν N. 1.67
ἀθανάτοις Αἰνησιδάμου παῖδες ἐν τιμαῖς ἔμιχθεν. καὶ γὰρ οὐκ ἀγνῶτες ὑμῖν ἐντὶ δόμοι οὔτε κώμων οὔτε μελικόμπων ἀοιδᾶν I. 2.30
νόμισαν χρυσὸν ἄνθρωποι περιώσιον ἄλλων. καὶ γὰρ ἐριζόμεναι νᾶες ἐν πόντῳ καὶ λτ;ὑφγτ; ἅρμασιν ἵπποι διὰ τεάν, ὤνασσα, τιμὰν θαυμασταὶ πέλονται I. 5.4
ἀνορέας ἐπέτρεψας ἕκατισαόφρονος. καὶ γὰρ ὁ πόντιος Ὀρς[ιτ]ρίαινά νιν περίαλλα βροτῶν τίεν Pae. 9.47
καὶ γὰρ:καὶ τοὶ γὰρ αἰθοίσας ἔχοντες σπέρμ' ἀνέβαν φλογὸς οὔ O. 7.48
II where the καί goes closely with what follows, and is emphatic, also, even. “καὶ γὰρ σέ, τὸν οὐ θεμιτὸν ψεύδει θιγεῖν, ἔτραπε μείλιχος ὀργὰ” P. 9.42καὶ γὰρ αὐτά, ποσσὶν ἄπεπλος ὀρούσαισ' ἀπὸ στρωμνᾶς, ὅμως ἄμυνεν ὕβριν κνωδάλων N. 1.50
καὶ γὰρ ἐν ἀγαθέᾳ χεῖρας ἱμάντι δεθεὶς Πυθῶνι κράτησεν Καλλίας N. 6.34
καὶ γάρ:καὶ Νεμέᾳ γὰρ ὁμῶς ἐρέω ταύταν χάριν O. 8.56
γ. introduces example, yes and, and furtherκαὶ γὰρ Ἀλκμήνας O. 7.27
καὶ γὰρ βιατὰς Ἄρης P. 1.10
μὴ φθόνει κόμπον τὸν ἐοικότ' ἀοιδᾷ κιρνάμεν ἀντὶ πόνων. καὶ γὰρ ἡρώων ἀγαθοὶ πολεμισταὶ λόγον ἐκέρδαναν I. 5.26
b introducing double reason.Iτε γὰρ δέ. κακολόγοι δὲ πολῖται· ἴσχει τε γὰρ ὄλβος οὐ μείονα φθόνον· ὁ δὲ χαμηλὰ πνέων ἄφαντον βρέμει P. 11.29
IIμὲν γὰρ δέ. Ὀλυμπίᾳ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸς γέρας ἔδεκτο, Πυθῶνι δ O. 2.48
τὸ μὲν γὰρ πατρόθεν τὸ δ' ματρόθεν O. 7.23
πολλοῖσι μὲν γὰρ ἀείδεται. τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀνδράσιν ἐμπρέπει P. 8.25
cf. frag. Pae. 16.3IIIμὲν γὰρ ἀλλά. ῥᾴδιον μὲν γὰρ πόλιν σεῖσαι. ἀλλ' ἐπὶ χώρας αὖτις ἕσσαι δυσπαλὲς δὴ γίνεται P. 4.272
c γὰρ ὦν, looking to what follows, of course, but thenἐσσὶ γὰρ ὦν σοφός· οὐκ ἄγνωτ' ἀείδω Ἰσθμίαν ἵπποισι νίκαν I. 2.12
d γάρ τοι emphasising general validity of the reason.τὶν δὲ μοῖρ' εὐδαιμονίας ἕπεται. λαγέταν γάρ τοι τύραννον δέρκεται ὁ μέγας πότμος P. 3.85
I pray to Aiakos as I make this offering to the victors.σὺν θεῷ γάρ τοι φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος ἀνθρώποισι παρμονώτερος N. 8.17
-
2 οὐ
οὐ (1οὔ O. 7.48
:κοὐ P. 4.151
)1 negatives vb., sent.aοὐκ ἐδυνάσθη O. 1.56
ἀλλ' οὐ καλὰ δένδρἐ ἔθαλλεν χῶρος O. 3.23
οὔ μιν διώξω O. 3.45
οὐ ψεύδει τέγξω λόγον O. 4.17
ἀλλά μιν οὐκ εἴασεν O. 7.61
κατακρύπτει δ' οὐ κόνις συγγόνων κεδνὰν χάριν O. 8.79
θάνατον αἰπὺν οὐκ ἐξέφυγεν O. 10.42
Νέμεά τ' οὐκ ἀντιξοεῖ O. 13.34
σαφὲς οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν O. 13.46
οὐ ψεύσομ O. 13.52
οὐ χρὴ O. 13.94
οὐ φθίνει P. 1.94
οὔ οἱ μετέχω θράσεος P. 2.83
οὐκ ἔμειν P. 3.16
οὐχ ἅπτεται P. 3.29
τὰ μὲν ὦν οὐ δύνανται P. 3.82
οὐκ ἐς μακρὸν ἔρχεται P. 3.105
τὸν μὲν οὐ γίνωσκον P. 4.86
“ οὐ πρέπει” P. 4.147οὐκ ἐόλει P. 4.233
οὐκ ἀπέριψεν P. 6.37
τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ ἀνδράσι κεῖται P. 8.76
τί δέ τις; τί δ' οὔ τις; P. 8.95 “ οὐ κεχείμανται” P. 9.32οὐκ ἀποδαμεῖ P. 10.37
οὐ φαίνεται P. 12.29
οὐκ ἔραμαι N. 1.31
οὐκ ἐλεγχέεσσιν ἐμίανε N. 3.15
τῶν οὐκ ἄπεσσι N. 3.76
Γαδείρων τὸ πρὸς ζόφον οὐ περατόν N. 4.69
οὐ νέοντ N. 4.77
οὐκ ἀνδριαντοποιός εἰμ N. 5.1
οὐ σπανίζει N. 6.31
οὔ κεν ἔπαξε N. 7.25
οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν N. 7.56
οὐκ ἀποβλάπτει N. 7.60
οὐ μέμψεται N. 7.64
χειρόνεσσι δ' οὐκ ἐρίζει N. 8.22
ὦ Μέγα, τὸ δ' αὖτις τεὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι οὔ μοι δυνατόν N. 8.45
οὐκ ἔστι πρόσωθεν (Boehmer: οὐκέτι πόρσω, οὐκ ἔστι πρόσω codd.) N. 9.47οὐ θαῦμα σφίσιν ἐγγενὲς ἔμμεν N. 10.50
οὐ γνώμᾳ διπλόαν θέτο βουλάν N. 10.89
οὐχ ἕπεται N. 11.43
οὐ φράζεται I. 1.68
οὐκ ἐμέμφθη I. 2.20
οὐ κατελέγχει I. 3.14
οὐ φείσατο I. 6.33
γλῶσσα δ' οὐκ ἔξω φρενῶν I. 6.72
ἀλλ' οὔ σφιν ἄμβροτοι τέλεσαν εὐνὰν θεῶνπραπίδες I. 8.30
οὐ κατέφθινε I. 8.46
οὐ κατελέγχει I. 8.65
οὐ ψεῦδος ἐρίξω fr. 11.οὐκ ἤθελεν Pae. 4.28
οὐ τόλμα Pae. 6.94
οὔ κεν ἐς ἀπλακ[ Pae. 18.6
ο]κ ἐννέπει (supp. Snell) fr. 60. b. 15. οὐ λανθάνει fr. 75. 13. οὐ πέπαται fr. 105b. 2. ]κράνας ο[ὐ π]ρολείπει[ (supp. Lobel) Θρ.. 1. οὐκ ἔστιν fr. 134. οὐ φίλων ἐναντίον ἐλθεῖν (καὶ, καὶ οὐδὲ vv. ll.) fr. 229. οὐκ ἔλιπον fr. 236.b οὐκ ἀλλά (v. also ἀλλά).οὐ χθόνα ταράσσοντες ἀλλὰ O. 2.63
οὐκ ἄτερ παίδων σέθεν, ἀλλ' ἅμα πρώτοις O. 8.45
οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ὄλβον ἀλλὰ P. 2.26
“ κοὔ με πονεῖ ἀλλὰ” P. 4.151ὃς οὐ ἀλλ P. 5.27
P. 5.76, I. 1.26, I. 4.49οὕνεκεν οὔ σε παιηόνων ἄδορπον εὐνάξομεν, ἀλλ' κατερεῖς Pae. 6.127
cοὐ γάρ. οὐ γὰρ ἦν πενταέθλιον, ἀλλ I. 1.26
οὐ γὰρ φύσιν ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν, ἀλλ I. 4.49
οὐ γὰρ ἔσθ' ὅπως τὰ θεῶν βουλεύματ ἐρευνάσει fr. 61. 3. οὐ γὰρ εικ[ P. Oxy. 2442, fr. 68.d οὐ γε, qualifying subord. cl.πόρθησε τὸν μέγαν πολεμιστὰν ἔκπαγλον Ἀλκυονῆ, οὐ τετραορίας γε πρὶν δυώδεκα πέτρῳ ἕλεν N. 4.28
2 combined with other neg.οὐ χθόνα ταράσσοντες ἐν χερὸς ἀκμᾷ οὐδὲ πόντιον ὕδωρ O. 2.63
κλέπτει τέ μιν οὐ θεὸς οὐ βροτὸς P. 3.30
αἰὼν δ' ἀσφαλὴς οὐκ ἔγεντ οὔτ Αἰακίδᾳ παρὰ Πηλεῖ οὔτε παῤ ἀντιθέῳ Κάδμῳ P. 3.87
“ οὔ τι οὐδὲ μὰν” P. 4.87πόνων δ' οὔ τις ἀπόκλαρός ἐστιν οὔτ ἔσεται P. 5.54
οὔ μιν ἄλυξεν, οὐδὲ μὰν βασιλεὺς Γιγάντων P. 8.16
Οὐλυμπίᾳ τε Θεόγνητον οὐ κατελέγχεις, οὐδὲ Κλειτομάχοιο νίκαν Ἰσθμοῖ P. 8.37
ἄνευ σέθεν οὐ φάος, οὐ μέλαιναν δρακέντες εὐφρόναν τεὰν ἀδελφεὰν ἐλάχομεν N. 7.3
ἀλλ' οὔ νιν φλάσαν οὐδ ἀνέχασσαν N. 10.68
ἐν σχερῷ δ' οὔτ ὦν μέλαιναι καρπὸν ἔδωκαν ἄρουραι, δένδρεά τ οὐκ ἐθέλει ἄνθος εὐῶδες φέρειν N. 11.40
ἁ Μοῖσα γὰρ οὐ φιλοκερδής πω τότ' ἦν οὐδ ἐργάτις I. 2.6
οὐ γὰρ πάγος οὐδὲ προσάντης ἁ κέλευθος γίνεται I. 2.33
πόλις, ἅτις οὐ Πηλέος ἀίει κλέος ἥρωος οὐδ' ἅτις Αἴαντος Τελαμωνιάδα καὶ πατρός I. 6.25
τῶν μὲν ὑπὸ στάθμᾳ νέμονται οὐ θέμιν οὐδὲ δίκαν ξείνων ὑπερβαίνοντες I. 9.5
οὐ πενθέων δ' ἔλαχον, λτ;οὐγτ; στασίων (supp. et add. e Plutarcho et Σ pap. Blass) Πα... κεῖνον οὐ σὴς οὐδὲ κὶς δάπτει fr. 222. 2. τὸ πεπρωμένον οὐ πῦρ οὐ σιδάρεον σχήσει τεῖχος fr. 232. στῆναι μὲν οὐ θέμις οὐδὲ παύσασθαι φορᾶς ?fr. 358.3a c. part.κόρος οὐ δίκᾳ συναντόμενος O. 2.96
ἔργῳ τ' οὐ κατὰ εἶδος ἐλέγχων ἐξένεπε O. 8.19
ἀνορέας δ' οὐκ ἀμπλακὼν O. 8.67
βασιλεὺς οὐ φθονέων ἀγαθοῖς P. 3.71
οὐκ ἐρίζων P. 4.285
οὐκ ἀτιμάσαντα P. 9.80
οὐ λαθὼν χρυσόθρονον Ἥραν N. 1.37
καίπερ ἐφαμερίαν οὐκ εἰδότες οὐδὲ μετὰ νύκτας ἄμμε πότμος ἅντιν' ἔγραψε δραμεῖν ποτὶ στάθμαν N. 6.6
ἐπεί τοι οὐκ ἐλινύσοντας αὐτοὺς ἐργασάμαν I. 2.46
οὐκ ἐθελο[ Πα. 7B. 43. οὐκ ἰδυῖα fr. 182.καὶ τοὶ γὰρ αἰθοίσας ἔχοντες σπέρμ' ἀνέβαν φλογὸς οὔ O. 7.48
b c. adj.ὁ μέγας δὲ κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει O. 1.81
χόλον οὐ φατὸν O. 6.37
οὐχ ἕτερον λιθίνα ψᾶφος ἔχει λόγον O. 7.86
οὐ σκαιότερον χρῆμ' ἕκαστον O. 9.104
μία δ' οὐχ ἅπαντας ἄμμε θρέψει μελέτα O. 9.106
χάρμα δ' οὐκ ἀλλότριον νικαφορία πατέρος P. 1.59
χόλος δ' οὐκ ἀλίθιος γίνεται παίδων Διός P.3.11.οὐκ ἀποδάμου Ἀπόλλωνος τυχόντος P. 4.5
“ οὐ ξείναν γαῖαν ἄλλων” P. 4.118 “σέ, τὸν οὐ θεμιτὸν ψεύδει θιγεῖν” P. 9.42λαχόντες οὐκ ὀλίγαν δόσιν P. 10.20
ἴσχει τε γὰρ ὄλβος οὐ μείονα φθόνον P. 11.29
τὸ δὲ μόρσιμον οὐ παρφυκτόν P. 12.30
θαμὰ δ' ἀλλοδαπῶν οὐκ ἀπείρατοι δόμοι ἐντί N. 1.23
οὐκ ἀέκοντες ἄνθεσι μείγνυον N. 4.21
πέφανται οὐκ ἄμμορος ἀμφὶ πάλᾳ κυναγέτας N. 6.14
ἀναπνέομεν δ' οὐχ ἅπαντες ἐπὶ ἴσα N. 7.5
οὐ ψεῦδις ὁ μάρτυς ἔργμασιν ἐπιστατεῖ N. 7.49
οὐ τραχύς εἰμι N. 7.76
οὐ δυνατὸν ἐξελέγχειν N. 10.45
ἁνία τἀλλοτρίαις οὐ χερσὶ νωμάσαντ I. 1.15
οὐκ ἄγνωτ' ἀείδω I. 2.12
οὐκ ἀγνῶτες I. 2.30
ἄγει τ' ἀρετὰν οὐκ αἴσχιον φυᾶς I. 7.22
ἔτλαν δὲ πένθος οὐ φατόν I. 7.37
ἥβαν γὰρ οὐκ ἄπειρον I. 8.70
ο]ὐκ αἰσχρὸν πάθοις[ Πα. 13. b. 6. ]τον οὐ ῥητ[ὸ]ν[ Πα. 17. a. 4. ἐχθρὰν ἔριν οὐ παλίγγλωσσον, ἀλλὰ Παρθ. 2.. λτ;οὐγτ; πολλὸς ἐν καιρῷ χρόνος” (οὐ add. Coraes: παῦρος pro πολλὸς coni. Schr.) fr. 168. 6. στρατὸς οὐκ ἀέκ[ων (supp. Lobel) fr. 169. 52. οὐκ ἄναλκις, ὡς τόσον ἀγῶνα δῦναι ?fr. 342.4 c. subs.πολλῶν ἐπέβαν καιρὸν οὐ ψεύδει βαλών N. 1.18
θεράπων δέ οἱ, οὐ δράστας ὀπαδεῖ P. 4.287
ἐν ἔργμασιν δὲ νικᾷ τύχα, οὐ σθένος fr. 38.5 c. adv.aὄπιθεν οὐ πολλὸν O. 10.36
οὐχ ὁμῶς I. 3.6
bοὔ ποτε. ὁ χάλκεος οὐρανὸς οὔ ποτ' ἀμβατὸς αὐτῷ P. 10.27
οὔ ποτ' ἀτρεκεῖ κατέβα ποδί N. 3.41
τὸ δ' ἐμὸν οὔ ποτε φάσει κέαρ N. 7.102
6 c. prep., in meiosis.οὐκ ἄτερ παίδων σέθεν, ἀλλ O. 8.45
ἇς οὐκ ἄτερ P. 2.7
οὐκ ἄτερ τέχνας P. 2.32
“ οὐ κατ' αἶσαν” P. 4.107οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ, ἀλλὰ P. 5.76
οὐ Χαρίτων ἑκάς P. 8.21
αἰσιᾶν οὐ κατ' ὀρνίχων ὁδόν N. 9.19
οὐκ ἄτερ Αἰακιδᾶν I. 5.20
οὐ πὰρ σκοπόν fr. 6a. g.7 c. inf.χρὴ δὲ πρὸς θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν P. 2.88
8a οὔπω, v. πω.bοὔτοι, οὔ τοι. οὔτοι χαμαιπετέων λόγων ἐφάψεαι O. 9.12
οὔ τοι ἅπασα κερδίων φαίνοισα πρόσωπον ἀλάθεἰ ἀτρεκές N. 5.16
οὔτοι τετύφλωται μακρὸς μόχθος ἀνδρῶν, οὐδ' ὁπόσαι δαπάναι ἐλπίδων ἔκνιξ ὄπιν† I. 5.58 οὔτοι με ξένον οὐδ' ἀδαήμονα Μοισᾶν ἐπαίδευσαν κλυταὶ Θῆβαι fr. 198a.c οὔ τις, (cf. οὔτις)πεῖρας οὔ τι θανάτου O. 2.31
, cf. O. 12.7πόνων δ' οὔ τις ἀπόκλαρός ἐστιν οὔτ ἔσσεται P. 5.54
ἕτερον οὔ τινα οἶκονἀπεφάνατο πυγμαχία λτ;πλεόνωνγτ; ταμίαν στεφάνων N. 6.25
cf. τί δ' οὔ τις; P. 8.95d οὔ τί που. οὔ τί που οὗτος Ἀπόλλων, οὐδὲ μὰν” P. 4.879 frag. οὐκ ἂν παρ[ Θρ. 2. 3. -
3 εἰ
εἰ, [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion. and Arc. (for εἰκ, v. infr. 11 ad init.), = [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol. αἰ, αἰκ (q. v.), Cypr.Aἤ Inscr.Cypr.135.10
H., both εἰ and αἰ in [dialect] Ep.:— Particle used interjectionally with imper. and to express a wish, but usu. either in conditions, if, or in indirect questions, whether. In the former use its regular negative is μή; in the latter, οὐ.A INTERJECTIONALLY, in Hom., come now! c. imper.,εἰ δὲ.. ἄκουσον Il.9.262
; εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ φευγόντων ib.46; most freq. with ἄγε (q. v.), 1.302, al.2 in wishes, c. opt.,ἀλλ' εἴ τις.. καλέσειεν 10.111
, cf. 24.74; so later,εἴ μοι ξυνείη μοῖρα S.OT 863
(lyr.); : more freq. folld. byγάρ, αἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη Il.4.189
, al.;εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρός E.Hipp. 1410
;εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο X.Cyr.6.1.38
;εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη Pl.Prt. 310d
; of unattained wishes, in Hom. only c. opt.,εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν.. Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην Il.13.825
;Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἰ γὰρ ἐμὸς πόσις εἴη Alcm.29
; later with past tenses of ind.,εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν.. ἧκεν A.Pr. 152
(anap.); εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν εἶχον ὥστε .. E.Alc. 1072: twice in Od. c. inf. (cf. the use of inf. in commands),αἰ γὰρ τοῖος ἐὼν.. ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι 7.311
, cf. 24.376.b εἴθε, [dialect] Ep. αἴθε, is freq. used in wishes in the above constructions, ;εἴθ' ὣς ἡβώοιμι Il.7.157
;ἰὼ γᾶ, εἴθ' ἔμ' ἐδέξω A.Ag. 1537
(lyr.);εἴθε σοι, ὦ Περίκλεις, τότε συνεγενόμην X.Mem.1.2.46
: later c. inf.,γαίης χθαμαλωτέρη εἴθε.. κεῖσθαι AP9.284
(Crin.).c εἰ γάρ, εἴθε are also used with ὤφελον ([dialect] Ep. ὤφελλον), of past unattained wishes,αἴθ' ὤφελλες στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν Il.14.84
; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον [κατιδεῖν] Pl.R. 432c.d folld. by a clause expressing a consequence of the fulfilment of the wish, αἰ γὰρ τοῦτο.. ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη· τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης .. Od. 15.536, cf. 17.496, al.; sts. hard to distinguish from εἰ in conditions (which may be derived from this use),εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
.B IN CONDITIONS, if:I with INDIC.,1 with all tenses (for [tense] fut., v. infr. 2), to state a condition, with nothing implied as to its fulfilment, εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι but if this is so, it will be.., Il.1.564: any form of the Verb may stand in apodosi,εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί E.Fr.292.7
;εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν S.Ph. 526
;εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι Pl.Phdr. 228a
;κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην, Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ Ar.Ra. 579
, cf. Od.17.475;εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν αἰσχροκερδής· εἰ δ' αἰσχροκερδής, οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ Pl.R. 408c
;εἰ ταῦτα λέγων διαφθείρω τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ' ἂν εἴη βλαβερά Id.Ap. 30b
, cf. 25b; εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε if these were right in their revolt, (it would follow that) you rule when you have no right, Th.3.40.b to express a general condition, if ever, whenever, sts. with [tense] pres.,εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν S.Tr. 943
: with [tense] impf.,εἴ τίς τι ἠρώτα ἀπεκρίνοντο Th.7.10
: rarely with [tense] aor., D.S.31.26.1, S.E.P.1.84; cf. 111.2.2 with [tense] fut. (much less freq. than ἐάν c. subj.), either to express a future supposition emphatically,εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται X.Cyr.7.1.19
; ; εἰ αὕτη ἡ πόλις ληφθήσεται, ἔχεται ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία ibid.; in threats or warnings, ;εἰ τιμωρήσεις Πατρόκλῳ, αὐτὸς ἀποθανῇ Pl.Ap. 28c
, cf. D.28.21: or,b to express a present intention or expectation, αἶρε πλῆκτρον εἰ μαχεῖ if you mean to fight, Ar.Av. 759;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀνήρ.. εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη S.Ant. 485
, cf. Il.1.61, E.Hec. 863.3 with historical tenses, implying that the condition is or was unfulfilled.a with [tense] impf., referring to present time or to continued or repeated action in past time (in Hom. always the latter, Il.24.715, al.): ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο they would not be able to do this (as they do), if they did not live an abstemious life, X.Cyr.1.2.16, cf. Pl.R. 489b; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he ([place name] Agamemnon) would not have been master of islands, if he had not had also some naval force, Th.1.9;αἰ δ' ἦχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἢ κάλων.. αἴδως κεν.. ἦχεν Sapph.28
; εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ.. οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον if they had been good men, they would never have suffered as they did, Pl.Grg. 516e, cf. X.Mem.1.1.5; εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδἐ.. οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε if I had known this.., Il.8.366.b with [tense] aor. referring to past time,εἰ μὴ ἔφυσε θεὸς μέλι.. ἔφασκον γλύσσονα σῦκα πέλεσθαι Xenoph.38
; εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα had you not come, we should be on our way.., X.An.2.1.4;καὶ ἴσως ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη Pl.Ap. 32d
, cf. Il.5.680, Od.4.364, D.4.5, 27.63: with [tense] plpf. in apodosi,εἰ τριάκοντα μόναι μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀπεπεφεύγη ἄν Pl. Ap. 36a
.c rarely with [tense] plpf. referring to action finished in past or present time, λοιπὸν δ' ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο if she had not (as she has done) made peace before the rest, Isoc.5.56, cf. Pl.Ti. 21c.II with SUBJ., εἰ is regularly joined with ἄν ([dialect] Ep. κε, κεν), cf. ἐάν: Arc. εἰκαν in Tegean Inscrr. of iv B. C. (IG5(2).3.16, 31, 6.2, SIG306.34) should be understood as εἰκ ἄν (εἰ: εἰκ = οὐ: οὐκ), since εἰ δ' ἄν is also found in IG5(2).3.2, 6.45, and εἰκ alone, ib.3.21; but ἄν ([etym.] κε, κεν) are freq. absent in Hom. as Od.5.221, 14.373 (and cf. infr. 2), and Lyr., Pi. (who never uses εἰ with ἄν or κε ([etym.] ν)) P.4.266, al.; in dialects,αἰ δείλητ' ἀγχωρεῖν IG9(1).334.6
([dialect] Locr., v B. C.), cf. Foed.[dialect] Dor. ap. Th.5.79; rarely in Hdt.,εἰ μὴ ἀναβῇ 2.13
; occasionally in Trag., A.Eu. 234, S.OT 198 (lyr.), etc.; very rarely in [dialect] Att. Prose,εἰ ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις Th.6.21
; : in later Prose,εἴ τις θελήσῃ Apoc.11.5
;εἰ φονεύῃ Plot.2.9.9
, cf. Procl. Inst.26.1 when the apodosis is [tense] fut., to express a future condition more distinctly and vividly than εἰ c. opt., but less so than εἰ c. [tense] fut. ind. (supr. 1.2a); εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' .. if thou do thus.., thou shalt know, Il.2.364, cf. 1.128, 3.281, Od.17.549;ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι X. An.7.3.11
; ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν ἐκεῖ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ' ἴσως ἀναγκασθησόμεθα τοῦτο ποιεῖν if we be not now willing, D.4.50, cf. X.Cyr. 5.3.27: folld. by imper., ἢν εἰρήνης δοκῆτε δεῖσθαι, ἄνευ ὅπλων ἥκετε ib.3.2.13, cf. 5.4.30.2 when the apodosis is present, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition, if ever, ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον (sc. ἐστί) whenever a division comes, your prize is (always) greater, Il.1.166; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death come near, E.Alc. 671; with ἄν omitted,εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον.. καταπέψῃ ἀλλά.. ἔχει κότον Il.1.81
.b with Rhet. present in apodosis, ἐὰν μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι βασιλεύσωσιν, οὐκ ἔστι κακῶν παῦλα there is (i.e. can be, will be) no rest.., Pl.R. 473d.III with OPTATIVE (never with ἄν in early Gr., later ἐάν c. opt., Dam.Pr. 114, al.),1 to express a future condition less definitely than ἐάν c. subj., usu. with opt. with ἄν in apod., ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες.. εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν surely they would exult, if they should hear.., Il.1.255, cf. 7.28, Od.3.223;εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις καλῶς A.Pr. 979
;οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας X.An.7.7.11
;οἶκος δ' αὐτός, εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ' ἂν λέξειεν A.Ag.37
, etc.: [tense] fut. opt. is f.l. in Pl.Tht. 164a: with [tense] pres. ind. in apod., Xenoph.34.3, Democr.253: with [tense] fut.ind., Meliss.5.b in Hom.sts. with [tense] pres. opt., to express an unfulfilled present condition, εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα φεροίμην if we were now contending, etc., Il.23.274: rarely in Trag., εἰ μὴ κνίζοι ( = εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568; alsoεἰ ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἀδικεῖν ἢ ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἑλοίμην ἂν μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 469c
.2 when the apodosis is past, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition in past time (corresponding to use of subj. in present time, supr. 11.2); once in Hom.,εἴ τίς με.. ἐνίπτοι, ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γ'.. κατέρυκες Il.24.768
; εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο.., κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο if he should see ( whenever he saw) any troops in confusion, he (always) tried, X.Cyr.5.3.55, cf. An.4.5.13, Mem.4.2.40; εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει if any one made objection, he was a dead man at once, Th. 8.66;ἀλλ' εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν E.Alc. 755
. For εἰ c. ind. in this sense v. supr. 1.1: ind. and opt. are found in same sentence,ἐμίσει, οὐκ εἴ τις κακῶς πάσχων ἠμύνετο, ἀλλ' εἴ τις εὐεργετούμενος ἀχάριστος φαίνοιτο X.Ages.11.3
.3 in oratio obliqua after past tenses, representing ἐάν c. subj. or εἰ with a primary (never an historical) tense of the ind. in oratio recta, ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις (representing ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται) X.HG6.4.6, cf. D.21.104, X.HG5.2.2; ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, δίκαιος εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι (representing εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι) ib.32, cf. An.6.6.25; εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίψ χρήσοιτο (representing εἴ τινα λήψομαι, χρήσομαι) Id.Cyr.3.1.3; also, where oratio obliqua is implied in the leading clause, οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου πέρας Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους.. ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει, i.e. Philip thought there would be no end to the war, unless he should make.. (his thought having been ἐὰν μὴ ποιήσω), D.18.145;ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον, ἢν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι Th.2.5
.4 c. opt. with ἄν, only when the clause serves as apodosis as well as protasis, cf. Pl.Prt. 329b, D.4.18, X.Mem.1.5.3 (v.ἄν A. 111
. d).IV c. INF., in oratio obliqua, only in Hdt.,εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληΐην, [ἔφη] δικαιότερον εἶναι κτλ. 1.129
; , cf. 172, 3.105, 108.V after Verbs denoting wonder, delight, indignation, disappointment, contentment, and similar emotions, εἰ c. ind. is used instead of ὅτι, to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, θαυμάζω εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ' ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ' ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν .. I wonder that no one of you is either concerned or angry when he sees.., D.4.43;οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ Aeschin.3.147
: after past tenses,ἐθαύμασε δ' εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν X.Mem.1.1.13
;δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ μὴ.. δόξει D.19.33
; ;οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη εἰ.. ἐπάγει D.21.105
: in oratio obliqua (expressed or implied) c. opt., ἐπεῖπεν ὡς δεινὸν (sc. εἴη)εἰ.. μεγαλόψυχος γένοιτο Aeschin.2.157
;ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο X.An.1.4.7
; ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀργύριον πράττοιτο he wondered that any one should demand money, Id.Mem.1.2.7; ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι I rejoiced, being content if any one should let it pass, Pl.R. 450a:—in this use the neg. οὐ is also found, ; ;τέρας λέγεις, εἰ οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν Pl.Men. 91d
, etc.VI in citing a fact as a ground of argument or appeal, as surely as, since, εἴ ποτ' ἔην γε if there was [as there was], i.e. as sure as there was such an one, Il.3.180, al.;εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει 4.321
; πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε εἶναι εὐπετέστερον διαβάλλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, τρεῖς δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο it seems easier to deceive many than one, if (as was the fact, i.e. since) he was not able.., Hdt.5.97, cf. 1.60,al.VII ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS:1 with apodosis implied in the context, εἰ having the force of in case, supposing that, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν they marched towards the city [so as to meet the citizens], in case they should rush out, Th.6.100; ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ δεῦρ' ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον we have come hither to you, in case you should tell us of some fleecy city (i.e. that we might hear of it), Ar.Av. 120; παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι sit by him and grasp his knees [so as to persuade him], in case he be willing to help the Trojans, Il.1.408, cf. 66, Od.1.94, 3.92; ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ἔτι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ hear me also [that you may assent], in case the same opinion please you, Pl.R. 358b; ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι ὅπερ ἐμοὶ συνδοκῇ look now, in case you approve what I do, ib. 434a.2 with apodosis suppressed for rhetorical reasons, εἴ περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος.. στυφελίξαι if he wish to thrust him away, [he will do so], Il.1.580; εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας—· εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they shall give me a prize, [well and good]; but if they give not, then I will take one for myself, 1.135, cf. 6.150, Ar.Pl. 468; καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα—· εἰ δὲ μή .. and if the attempt succeed, [well]; otherwise.., Th.3.3, cf. Pl.Prt. 325d.3 with the Verb of the protasis omitted, chiefly in the following expressions:a εἰ μή except,οὐδὲν ἄλλο σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον Hdt. 1.200
; μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κρίτυλλά γ' [εἰμί]—nay, if I'm not Critylla! i.e. I am, Ar.Th. 898; εἰ μὴ ὅσον except only,ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ Hdt.2.73
, cf. 1.45, 2.20;εἰ μὴ εἰ Th.1.17
, Pl.Grg. 480b, etc.; εἰ μή τι οὖν, ἀλλὰ σμικρόν γέ μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον if nothing else, yet.., Id.Men. 86e; ironical,εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν X.Mem.1.2.8
;εἰ μή πέρ γε τὸν ὑοσκύαμον χρήματα εἶναι φήσομεν Id.Oec.1.13
.b εἰ δὲ μή but if not, i.e. otherwise,προηγόρευε τοῖς Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἀπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν Hdt.6.37
, cf. 56; after μάλιστα μέν, Th.1.32,35, etc.:—after a preceding neg., μὴ τύπτ'· εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ' αἰτιάσει don't beat me; otherwise, you will have yourself to blame, Ar.Nu. 1433;ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις X.Cyr.3.1.35
;οὔτ' ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μή Id.An.4.3.6
, cf. Th.1.28, 131, Pl.Phd. 91c.c εἰ δέ sts. stands forεἰ δὲ μή, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω· εἰ δ', ὅτι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω Pl.Euthd. 285c
, cf. Smp. 212c; ;εἰ δ' οὕτως Arist.EN 1094a24
; εἰ δὲ τοῦτο and if so, Str.2.1.29.e εἴ τις if any, i. e. as much as or more than any,τῶν γε νῦν αἴ τις ἐπιχθονίων, ὀρθῶς B.5.5
;ὄτλον ἄλγιστον ἔσχον, εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς γυνή S.Tr.8
, cf. OC 734; εἴ τις ἄλλος, siquis alius, E.Andr.6, etc.;εἴ τινες καὶ ἄλλοι Hdt.3.2
, etc.;εἴπερ τις ἄλλος Pl.R. 501d
; also κατ' εἰ δέ τινα τρόπον in any way, IG 5(2).6.27 ([place name] Tegea).f εἴ ποτε or εἴπερ ποτέ now if ever,ἡμῖν δὲ καλῶς, εἴπερ ποτέ, ἔχει.. ἡ ξυναλλαγή Th.4.20
, cf. Ar.Eq. 594;αἴ ποτα κἄλλοτα Alc.Supp.7.11
, cf. X.An.6.4.12, etc.; but in prayers,εἴ ποτέ τοι ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα.. τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ Il.1.39
.g εἴ ποθεν (sc. δυνατόν ἐστι) if from any quarter, i.e. from some quarter or other, S.Ph. 1204 (lyr.); so εἴ ποθι somewhere, anywhere, Id.Aj. 885 (lyr.);εἴ που Od.4.193
.h εἴ πως ib. 388, X.An.2.3.11: in an elliptical sentence (cf. VII. 1),πρέσβεις πέμψαντες, εἴ πως πείσειαν Th.1.58
.VIII with other PARTICLES:1 for the distinction between καὶ εἰ (or καὶ ἐάν, or κἄν ) even if, and εἰ καί (or ἐὰν καί ) even though, v. καί:—the opposite of καὶ εἰ is οὐδ' εἰ, not even if; that of εἰ καί is εἰ μηδέ, if (although) not even.IX in neg. oaths, = Hebr. im, LXXPs.94(95).11, Ev.Marc.8.12, al.C IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS, whether, folld. by the ind., subj., or opt., according to the principles of oratio obliqua:1 with IND. after primary tenses, representing the same tense in the direct question, σάφα δ' οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ θεός ἐστιν whether he is a god, Il.5.183;εἰ ξυμπονήσεις.. σκόπει S.Ant.41
.2 with SUBJ. after primary tenses, representing a dubitative subj. in the direct question, τὰ ἐκπώματα οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τουτῳῒ δῶ whether I should give them, X.Cyr.8.4.16: sts. elliptical,ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμπε, εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας Hdt.1.75
.3 OPT. after past tenses, representing either of the two previous constructions in the direct question, ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος he asked whether any one was wiser than I (direct ἔστι τις σοφώτερος;), Pl.Ap. 21a;ἐπεκηρυκεύετο Πεισιστράτῳ, εἰ βούλοιτό οἱ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα Hdt.1.60
: rarely [tense] aor. opt. for the [tense] aor. ind., ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν I asked him whether he had set sail (direct ἀνέπλευσας;), D.50.55: but [tense] aor. opt. usually represents [tense] aor. subj., τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν.. καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντ' ἀπ' αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι they asked whether they should deliver their city to the Corinthians, and should try.., Th.1.25:—in both constructions the ind. or subj. may be retained, ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν ib. 119; ἐβουλεύοντο εἴτε κατακαύσωσιν.. εἴτε τι ἄλλο χρήσωνται whether they should burn them or should dispose of them in some other way, Id.2.4; ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὑτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις [he said that] he consulted him whether he should give.., Aeschin.2.68.4 with OPT. and ἄν when this was the form of the direct question, ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά they asked whether they would give (direct δοιήτε ἄν;), X.An.4.8.7.5 the NEG. used with εἰ in indirect questions is οὐ, when οὐ would be used in the direct question, ἐνετέλλετο.. εἰρωτᾶν εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται whether he is not ashamed, Hdt.1.90, etc.; but if μή would be required in the direct form, it is retained in the indirect, οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ' εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον ἔχειν μηδὲ βούλεται ὁ δίκαιος, τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου (the direct question would be μὴ ἀξιοῖ μηδὲ βούλεται; he does not see fit nor wish, does he?) Pl.R. 349b:—in double indirect questions, εἴτε.. εἴτε.. ; εἰ.. εἴτε.. ; εἴτε.. ἢ .., either οὐ or μή can be used in the second clause, ; ; εἰ ἀληθὲς ἢ μή, πειράσομαι μαθεῖν ib. 339a;πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψω, εἴτε ἐπιτρεπτέον εἴτε οὔ·.. οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιῇ, εἴτε χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαυτὸν αὐτῷ εἴτε μή Id.Prt. 313a
, 313b;ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, εἴτε θυγάτηρ ἦν Κίρωνος εἴτε μή, καὶ εἰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὔ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μὴ.. πάντα ταῦτα εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας Is.8.9
; τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή.. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14. -
4 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------
См. также в других словарях:
αν — (I) ἄν (Α) (επ. αιολ. και θεσσ. κε(ν), δωρ. και βοιωτ. κα) δυνητ. μόριο που χρησιμοποιείται με ρήματα, για να δηλώσει ότι κάτι υπάρχει ή συμβαίνει υπό ορισμένες περιστάσεις ή προϋποθέσεις παρουσιάζει ποικίλη χρήση και γι αυτό δεν είναι δυνατόν να … Dictionary of Greek
ει — (I) εἰ (Α) Ι. 1. μόριο που χρησιμοποιείται ως επιφώνημα με προστακτική ή έγκλιση επιθυμίας για να δηλώσει προτροπή («εἰ δὲ σὺ μὲν ἄκουσον», Ιλ. Ι) 2. σε ευχές με ευκτική 3. συνήθως ακολουθείται από το γαρ («αἴ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη», Ιλ. Δ) 4. σε… … Dictionary of Greek
